Today was very comprehensive, we covered overall Python syntax which I will outline below in a very concise way. I also learnt about Lists as a ordered Data structure, with associated built-in methods. Next week we move on to Functions, if statement, for and while loops.... exciting stuff!

Python Syntax (Important bits)

• Indentation
• Variables (case-sensitivity) - camelCase, snake_case and PascalCase
• Python comments
• Casting
• Global and local scoping

Comments

# This is a single line comment 

'''
This is the first comment
This is the second
third 
'''

Casting

• Changing the data type of a variable (from int to str)

var_name = int(var_name)
type(var_name)

// output int

Global Scope vs Local Scope

• Scope has to do with where you can access your variables

The explanation is that

• Local scope includes all variables declared inside a function. A local variable is only accessible where it’s declared.
• Global scope includes variables declared outside of the function. This variable can be accessed anywhere within the script.

Python Operators summarised

• Arithmetic operators (+, -, , /, %, *, //)
• Comparison operators (==, =!, >, <, >=, <=)
• Logical operators (AND [both sides true], OR [one side true], NOT [no side true])
• Membership operators to check whether a value or variable exists in a sequence (string, list, tuples, sets, dictionary) or not(in, not in)

Python Data Types continued

Lists (and their methods)

• Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable [ ].

# This is an example of a list
names = ['David', 'Blessing', 'Sarah', 'Dayo']
print(names)
# Ouputs ['David', 'Blessing', 'Sarah', 'Dayo']


- copy()    Returns a copy of the list (creates a new list)
names.copy()
# Ouputs ['David', 'Blessing', 'Sarah', 'Dayo']


- count()    Returns the number of elements with the specified value
names.count('Blessing')
# Outputs 1


- index()    Returns the index of the first element with the specified value
names.index('David')
# Outputs 0


- extend()    Add the elements of a list (or any iterable), to the end of the current list
# You can use multiple values to extend the list
new_elements = ['Bayo', 'James', 'Solomon']
names.extend(new_elements)
print(names)
# Outputs ['David', 'Blessing', 'Sarah', 'Dayo', 'Bayo', 'James', 'Solomon']


- append()    Adds an element at the end of the list (modifies the original list)
# You can only insert one value at a time
names.append('Toye')
print(names)
# Outputs ['David', 'Blessing', 'Sarah', 'Dayo', 'Bayo', 'James', 'Solomon', 'Toye']


- insert()    Adds an element at the specified position
names.insert(4, 'Joe')
# Ouputs ['David',
 'Blessing',
 'Sarah',
 'Dayo',
 'Joe',
 'Bayo',
 'James',
 'Solomon',
 'Toye']


- pop()    Removes the element at the specified position
names.pop(2)
# Outputs 'Sarah'


- remove()    Removes the first item with the specified value
names.remove('Blessing')
# Outputs ['David', 'Dayo', 'Joe', 'Bayo', 'James', 'Solomon', 'Toye']


- clear()    Removes all the elements from the list
names.clear()
# Outputs []


- reverse()    Reverses the order of the list
names = ['David', 'Blessing', 'Sarah', 'Dayo']
names.reverse()
# Outputs ['Dayo', 'Sarah', 'Blessing', 'David']


- sort()    Sorts the list
names.sort()
# Outputs ['Blessing', 'David', 'Dayo', 'Sarah']